Teide, or Mount Teide, (Spanish: El Teide, Pico del Teide, pronounced [ˈpiko ðel ˈtejðe], "Teide Peak") is actually a volcano on Tenerife while in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its summit (at three,715 m (12,188 ft)) is the highest level in Spain and the highest point earlier mentioned sea amount during the islands of the Atlantic.
If calculated with the ocean floor, its top of seven,500 m (24,600 ft) makes Teide the fourth-maximum volcano in the world, and is particularly explained by UNESCO and NASA as Earth's third-tallest volcanic framework. Having said that, as Teide was shaped just 170,000 several years in the past because of volcanic activity pursuing a catastrophic landslide, Teide's foundation is really located inside the Las Cañadas crater (the remains of the more mature, eroded, extinct volcano) in a peak of about 2,a hundred ninety m (seven,one hundred ninety ft) previously mentioned sea amount. Teide's elevation over sea degree will make Tenerife the tenth maximum island in the world. Teide is undoubtedly an Energetic volcano: its newest eruption happened in 1909 through the El Chinyero vent within the northwestern Santiago rift. The United Nations Committee for Catastrophe Mitigation selected Teide ten years Volcano[10] on account of its heritage of harmful eruptions and its proximity to several big cities, of which the closest are Garachico, Icod de los Vinos and Puerto de la Cruz. Teide, Pico Viejo and Montaña Blanca kind the Central Volcanic Sophisticated of Tenerife.
The volcano and its surroundings comprise Teide National Park, that has a location of eighteen,900 hectares (forty seven,000 acres) and was named a World Heritage Web-site by UNESCO in 2007.[8] Teide is easily the most visited all-natural question of Spain, essentially the most frequented nationwide park in Spain and Europe and – by 2015 – the eighth most frequented on the globe, with some 3 million people yearly. In 2016, it absolutely was frequented by 4,079,823 visitors and travelers, reaching a historical file. Teide Observatory, a major international astronomical observatory, is situated over the slopes in the mountain.
Before the 1496 Spanish colonization of Tenerife, the native Guanches referred to a robust determine living in the volcano, which carries light-weight, electric power and the Solar. El Pico del Teide is the fashionable Spanish name.[fifteen]
Teide was a sacred mountain for your aboriginal Guanches, so it absolutely was viewed as a mythological mountain, as Mount Olympus was to the ancient Greeks. In accordance with legend, Guayota (the devil) kidnapped Magec (the god of sunshine plus the sun) and imprisoned him inside the volcano, plunging the whole world into darkness. The Guanches requested their supreme god Achamán for clemency, so Achamán fought Guayota, freed Magec with the bowels from the mountain, and plugged the crater with Guayota. It is alleged that because then, Guayota has remained locked inside of Teide. When taking place to Teide throughout an eruption, it had been customary for your Guanches to light-weight bonfires to scare Guayota. Guayota is usually represented as being a black dog, accompanied by his host of demons (Tibicenas).
The Guanches also believed that Teide held up the sky. Many hiding spots located in the mountains include the remains of stone equipment and pottery. These are interpreted as being ritual deposits to counter the influence of evil spirits, like Individuals produced by the Berbers of Kabylie. The Guanches thought the mountain being the position that housed the forces of evil and quite possibly the most evil figure, Guayota.[16]
Guayota shares features just like other effective deities inhabiting volcanoes, including the goddess Pele of Hawaiian mythology, who lives in the volcano Kīlauea and is also regarded through the native Hawaiians as responsible for the eruptions of your volcano.[seventeen] The identical was correct for the ancient Greeks and Romans, who believed that Vulcano and Mount Etna were chimneys of the foundry of the fireplace god Hephaestus (Vulcan in Latin).
In 1492, when Christopher Columbus arrived for the island of Tenerife, his crew claimed to discover flames coming from the highest mountain from the island (Teide).
Teide very last erupted in 1909 with the El Chinyero vent,[23] on the Santiago Ridge. Historical volcanic action on the island is associated with vents about the Santiago or northwest rift (Boca Cangrejo in 1492, Montañas Negras in 1706,[23] Narices del Teide or Chahorra in 1798, and El Chinyero in 1909) as well as the Cordillera Dorsal or northeast rift (Fasnia in 1704, Siete Fuentes and Arafo in 1705). The 1706 Montañas Negras eruption destroyed the city and principal port of Garachico, along with various more compact villages.[15]
Historical action connected with the Teide and Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes [23] happened in 1798 within the Narices del Teide about the western flank of Pico Viejo. Eruptive product from Pico Viejo, Montaña Teide and Montaña Blanca partially fills the Las Cañadas caldera.[22] The final explosive eruption involving the central volcanic centre was from Montaña Blanca all-around 2000 many years in the past. The final eruption in the Las Cañadas caldera transpired in 1798 from your Narices del Teide or Chahorra (Teide's Nostrils) about the western flank of Pico Viejo. The eruption was predominantly strombolian in design and style and the majority of the lava was ʻaʻā. This lava is seen beside the Vilaflor–Chio road.
Christopher Columbus claimed looking at "an awesome fire in the Orotava Valley" as he sailed previous Tenerife on his voyage to find The brand new Environment in 1492. This was interpreted as indicating that he had witnessed an eruption there. Radiometric relationship of attainable lavas implies that in 1492 no eruption occurred in the Orotava Valley, but a single did occur in the Boca Cangrejo vent.[23]
The final summit eruption from Teide happened regarding the yr 850 Advertisement, and this eruption generated the "Lavas Negras" or "Black Lavas" that go over A great deal of your flanks on the volcano.[23]
About a hundred and fifty,000 a long time in the past, a much bigger explosive eruption occurred, probably of Volcanic Explosivity Index five. It designed the Las Cañadas caldera, a big caldera at about two,000 m above sea degree, all over sixteen km (nine.nine mi) from east to west and nine km (five.6 mi) from north to south. At Guajara, about the south side in the framework, The interior partitions increase as Practically sheer cliffs from 2,one hundred to two,715 m (six,890 to 8,907 ft). The 3,715 m (12,188 ft) summit of Teide alone, and its sister stratovolcano Pico Viejo (three,134 m (10,282 ft)), are both equally positioned during the northern fifty percent with the caldera and so are derived from eruptions later on than this prehistoric explosion.
Long run eruptions may possibly include things like pyroclastic flows and surges just like those who happened at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and in other places. Through 2003, there was an increase in seismic action on the volcano plus a rift opened about the north-east flank. No eruptive exercise occurred but a quantity of fabric, probably liquid, was emplaced into your edifice and is particularly believed to possess a quantity of ~1011 m3.[citation essential] These types of activity can indicate that magma is increasing into your edifice, but just isn't always a precursor to an eruption.[15]
Teide Also is considered structurally unstable and its northern flank has a particular bulge.[citation needed] The summit of the volcano has many compact Lively fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide together with other gases, together with low levels of hydrogen sulfide.
Long run eruptions could include pyroclastic flows and surges much like people who transpired at Mount Pelée, Merapi, Vesuvius, Etna, the Soufrière Hills, Mount Unzen and somewhere else. Throughout 2003, there was a rise in seismic exercise for the volcano along with a rift opened to the north-east flank. No eruptive activity happened but a quantity of fabric, potentially liquid, was emplaced into your edifice and is particularly approximated to have a quantity of ~1011 m3.[citation essential] This kind of exercise can indicate that magma is mounting in to the edifice, but is not normally a precursor to an eruption.[fifteen]
Teide Moreover is taken into account structurally unstable and its northern flank has a particular bulge.[citation essential] The summit of the volcano has many modest active fumaroles emitting sulfur dioxide and other gases, together with minimal amounts of hydrogen sulfide.
A scientific assessment in 2006, revealed inside the journal Eos, observed that "previously thirty,000 years, eruptions have occurred at a rate of only 4 to 6 for each millennium, using a predominance (70%) of very lower hazard, basaltic eruptions".[36] The authors even more commented that "the new eruptive history, coupled with the out there petrological and radiometric facts, delivers a alternatively optimistic outlook on significant volcanic hazards related to Teide and its rift zones, posing only incredibly localized threats into the a million inhabitants of Tenerife as well as 4.five million once-a-year guests to Teide Countrywide Park." Even so, another examine in 2009 concluded that Teide will most likely erupt violently Down the road, Which its composition is comparable to that of Vesuvius and Etna.[37] Thus the magnitude of the risk posed by Teide to the general public continues to be a supply of discussion.
In the publication of 1626, Sir Edmund Scory, who almost certainly stayed over the island in the primary many years on the seventeenth century, offers an outline of Teide, in which he notes the ideal paths to the very best and the effects its substantial height leads to for travellers, indicating which the volcano were accessed via various routes before the 17th century.[39] In 1715 the English traveler J. Edens and his celebration created the ascent and described their observations in the journal with the Royal Society in London.[forty]
Once the Enlightenment, a lot of the expeditions that went to East Africa as well as the Pacific experienced Teide as one of the most rewarding targets. The expedition of Lord George Macartney, George Staunton and John Barrow in 1792 Practically resulted in tragedy, as a major snowstorm and rain swept around them plus they didn't get to the peak of Teide, just barely acquiring earlier Montaña Blanca.[forty][forty one]
The German scientist Alexander von Humboldt stopped in Tenerife for the duration of his voyage to South The united states in 1799 and climbed Teide along with his travelling companion Goalé Bonpland and some neighborhood guides.[forty two]
All through an expedition to Kilimanjaro, the German adventurer Hans Heinrich Joseph Meyer visited Teide in 1894 to observe ice problems over the volcano. He explained The 2 mountains as "two kings, one particular soaring from the ocean and the opposite in the desert and steppes".[forty]
Much more lately in November 2017, Gema Hassen-Bey grew to become the main Paralympic athlete on the earth inside of a wheelchair to achieve 3,000 meters altitude with only the momentum of her arms. Initially, Gema needed to reach the leading of Teide, Despite the fact that, because of climatic conditions, she couldn't satisfy this objective.
The lava flows over the flanks of Teide climate to a very thin but nutrient- and mineral-prosperous soil that supports numerous types of plant species. Vascular flora includes 168 plant species, 33 of which are endemic to Tenerife.[forty four]
Forests of Canary Island Pine (Pinus canariensis) with Canary Island juniper (Juniperus cedrus) happen from 1,000 to two,a hundred metres (three,three hundred–6,900 ft), covering the center slopes of the volcano and achieving an alpine tree line 1,000 m (three,300 ft) lessen than that of continental mountains at identical latitudes.[45][46] In the Las Cañadas caldera and at larger altitudes, plant species endemic on the Teide Countrywide Park include: the Teide white broom (Spartocytisus supranubius), which has white flowers; Descurainia bourgaeana, a shrubby crucifer with yellow flowers; the Canary Island wallflower (Erysimum scoparium), which has violet flowers; and also the Teide bugloss (Echium wildpretii), whose red bouquets kind a pyramid as many as three m (9.eight ft) in top.[47] The Teide daisy (Argyranthemum teneriffae) are available at altitudes close to 3,600 m (eleven,800 ft) above sea amount, plus the Teide violet (Viola cheiranthifolia) can be found right up to the summit, making it the highest flowering plant in Spain.[48]
These crops are tailored to your difficult environmental problems on the volcano, like higher altitude, powerful daylight, Intense temperature variations, and deficiency of moisture. Adaptations include hemispherical types, a downy or waxy include, a reduction of your exposed leaf area, and substantial flower manufacturing.[46][forty nine] Flowering piscinas naturales en tenerife can take location while in the late spring or early summer time, in May and June.
Teide National Park incorporates a large number of invertebrate species, around 40% of which happen to be endemic species, and 70 of which are identified only while in the Countrywide Park. The invertebrate fauna contains spiders, beetles, dipterans, hemipterans, and hymenopterae.[fifty]
In distinction, Teide Nationwide Park has just a minimal selection of vertebrate fauna.[fifty one] 10 species of hen nest there, such as the blue chaffinch (Fringilla teydea), Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii berthelotii), the Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria) in addition to a subspecies of kestrel (Falco tinnunculus canariensis).[52][fifty three]
Three endemic reptile species are found in the park: the Canary Island lizard (Gallotia galloti galloti), the Canary Island wall gecko (Tarentola delalandii), and also the Canary Island skink (Chalcides viridanus viridanus).[51][fifty four] The only real mammals indigenous on the park are bats, the most common of and that is Leisler's bat (Nyctalus leisleri). Other mammals, like the mouflon, the rabbit, the home mouse, the black rat, the feral cat, and the North African hedgehog, have all been released to your park.
Teide is the primary symbol of Tenerife and by far the most emblematic pure monument of your Canary Islands. A picture of Teide, gushing flames, appears for the centre of Tenerife's coat of arms. Higher than the volcano appears St. Michael, the patron saint of Tenerife. The flag hues from the island are darkish blue, customarily determined Using the sea that surrounds the island, and white for your whiteness in the snow-coated peaks of Mount Teide through winter. The brand with the Cabildo de Tenerife (governing system with the island) includes a image of Teide in eruption.
Teide has actually been depicted frequently all over background, with the earliest engravings produced by European conquerors to usual Canarian craft objects, within the back again of 1000-peseta notes, in oil paintings and on postcards.
In the Canary Islands, Specifically on Tenerife, Teide has cultural symbolism deeply rooted in traditions and history. It is actually popularly known as Padre Teide (Father Teide).
eide Countrywide Park (Spanish: Parque nacional del Teide, pronounced [ˈpaɾke naθjoˈnal de ˈtejðe]) is often a nationwide park located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).
The countrywide park is centered on Mount Teide, the very best mountain of Spain (three,718 meters higher) On top of that, the best volcano in the Atlantic Ocean islands plus the third optimum volcano on the globe from its base from the ocean ground (7.five hundred meters superior). Pico Viejo, also included within the nationwide park limitations, is the next highest volcano in the Canary Islands with its 3,135 m peak. Mount Teide and Pico Viejo are the sole two peaks from the Canary islands climbing previously mentioned The three,000 m level.
The park has an area of eighteen,990 hectares located in the municipality of La Orotava[citation necessary]. It had been named a Earth Heritage Web site by UNESCO on June 28, 2007.[one] For the reason that finish of 2007, it's got also been among the list of 12 Treasures of Spain. On a ridge, on the east of Teide, are the telescopes in the Observatorio del Teide.
Teide is easily the most visited countrywide park in Spain and −by 2015− the eighth most visited on the planet,[two] with some 3 million site visitors yearly.[three] In 2016, it had been visited by 4,079,823 visitors and holidaymakers achieving a historic history.[four][5]
There are morning and afternoon mentor journeys from the park, departing from selected places inside the south of Tenerife's vacationer towns. Entry to the peak needs a cost-free permit that should be booked beforehand.
The Teide Countrywide Park has a significant historic value. This place experienced a crucial spiritual importance to aboriginal Guanches and crucial archaeological sites are actually found out while in the park. For the Guanches the Teide was an area of worship, they thought it had been the gate of hell (Echeyde).[seven]
National park status was declared on January 22, 1954, which was among the third in Spain. In 1981 the park was reclassified and recognized to be a Exclusive lawful regime. In 1989, the Council of Europe awarded the eu Diploma of Guarded Spots, in its maximum category. This recognition and conservation administration has been subsequently renewed in 1994, 1999 and 2004.
In celebration of the 50th anniversary of its transformation into a countrywide park, in 2002 the paperwork was started to declare the park a UNESCO Entire world Heritage Website. On June 28, 2007, immediately after five years of work and energy, UNESCO chose to declare the Teide National Park, Earth Heritage Web-site in the World Heritage Conference of UNESCO held in Christchurch, New Zealand. Teide Countrywide Park is usually at the conclusion of 2007, one of many 12 Treasures of Spain.
Teide Nationwide Park is complementary into the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes Nationwide Park,[8] this is principally as a consequence of becoming in Each and every of them represented the volcanic buildings and sorts significantly less evolved magmas of these islands (Hawaii) plus more developed and differentiated (Teide).[nine] Additionally, Teide Countrywide Park shares equivalent scenic characteristics With all the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona, Usa.
The lava flows within the flanks of Teide weather to an exceptionally thin, but nutrient and mineral loaded soil that supports a various number of plant species. Vascular flora includes 168 plant species, 33 of that happen to be endemic to Tenerife.[ten]
Forests of Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) arise from 1000–2100 m, masking the center slopes of your volcano, and getting an alpine timberline one thousand m lessen than that of continental mountains of comparable latitude.[eleven] At increased altitudes, the Las Cañadas caldera presents ample shelter for more fragile species such as the Canary Island cedar (Juniperus cedrus), along with the Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) to mature.[12]
Quite possibly the most dominant plant species in the Teide National Park are definitely the Teide